What Is Symbolic Interactionism

The symbolic interaction perspective, also called symbolic interactionism, is a major framework of the sociological theory. This perspective relies on the symbolic meaning that people develop and build upon in the process of social interaction. Although symbolic interactionism traces its origins to Max Webers assertion that individuals act according to their interpretation of the meaning of their world, the American philosopher George Herbert Mead introduced this perspective to American sociology in the 1920s. The Subjective Meanings Symbolic interaction theory analyzes society by addressing the subjective meanings that people impose on objects, events, and behaviors. Subjective meanings are given primacy because it is believed that people behave based on what they believe and not just on what is objectively true. Thus, society is thought to be socially constructed through human interpretation. People interpret one another’s behavior, and it is these interpretations that form the social bond. These interpretations are called the â€Å"definition of the situation.† For example, why would young people smoke cigarettes even when all objective medical evidence points to the dangers of doing so? The answer is in the definition of the situation that people create. Studies find that teenagers are well informed about the risks of tobacco, but they also think that smoking is cool, that they will be safe from harm, and that smoking projects a positive image to their peers. So, the symbolic meaning of smoking overrides the facts regarding smoking and risk. Fundamental Aspects of Social Experience and Identities Some fundamental aspects of our social experience and identities, like race and gender, can be understood through the symbolic interactionist lens. Having no biological bases at all, both race and gender are social constructs that function based on what we believe to be true about people, given what they look like. We use socially constructed meanings of race and gender to help us decide who to interact with, how to do so, and to help us determine, sometimes inaccurately, the meaning of a persons words or actions. One shocking example of how this theoretical concept plays out within the social construct of race is manifested in the fact that many people, regardless of race, believe that lighter skinned blacks and Latinos are smarter than their darker skinned counterparts. This phenomenon, called colorism, occurs because of the racist stereotype that has been encoded in skin color over centuries. Concerning gender, we see the problematic way in which meaning is attached to the symbols man and woman in the sexist trend of college students routinely rating male professors more highly than female ones. Or, in pay inequality based on gender. Critics of Symbolic Interaction Perspective Critics of this theory claim that symbolic interactionism neglects the macro level of social interpretation. In other words, symbolic interactionists may miss the more significant issues of society by focusing too closely on the â€Å"trees† rather than the â€Å"forest.† The perspective also receives criticism for slighting the influence of social forces and institutions on individual interactions. In the case of smoking, the functionalist perspective might miss the powerful role that the institution of mass media plays in shaping perceptions of smoking through advertising, and by portraying smoking in film and television. In the cases of race and gender, this perspective would not account for social forces like systemic racism or gender discrimination, which strongly influence what we believe race and gender mean.

Pardoners Tale, Chaucer, Canterbury Essays - 1312 Words

The Pardoners Subconscious Character nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot;The Pardoners Tale,quot; by Geoffrey Chaucer, makes evident the parallel between the internal emotions of people and the subconscious exposure of those emotions. This particular story, from The Canterbury Tales, is a revealing tale being told by a medieval pardoner to his companions on a journey to Canterbury. Though the Pardoners profession is to pardon and absolve the sins of people, he actually lives in constant violation of sins such as gluttony, gambling, and, most importantly, avarice. The Pardoner does feel guilt and advocates not to commit avarice; he exclaims, quot;Radix malorum est Cupiditas,quot; (line 426) as his theme more than once. Because he†¦show more content†¦The old man is the guide to spiritual and physical death, as is easily seen by the deaths of the three rioters. Thus, the old man looks of death: quot;Lo how I vanysshe, flessh, and blood, and skyn!quot; (Line 732). On the other hand, the Pardoners profession is to absolv e sinners and steer them towards life; he guides people to spiritual and even physical life! Therefore, he personifies all that is pure and innocent, such as a youthful and innocent boy. Both, with this physical aid, do good jobs of preaching to people to get their desired results. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The eager minds of the people and the skill of the two preachers are what lead the people to either life or death. It is obvious that the Pardoner does not actually use sacred relics to cure anything: quot;Relikes been they, as wenen they echoon / Thanne have I in latoun a sholder-boon / Which that was of an hooly Jewes sheep.quot; (Lines 349-51). He has actually quot;curedquot; those who come to him seeking salvation and pardon. This mindset, with the addition of the Pardoners great skill in making himself sound so innocent and pure, is what actually cures the people. The people just need something tangible, like the fake relics, to hold on to and believe in to be quot;curedquot;. Again, the same is true for the old man. The three rioters that come to him are already in search of and eager to find Death, as opposed to life or salvation. When the old man points them in the rightShow MoreRelatedThe Pardoner Of Chaucer s The Canterbury Tales1129 Words   |   5 PagesChaucer’s religious characters in The Canterbury Tales. They are greedy, drunks, and people without a moral code. In The Pardoner’s Tale this theme is exemplified. The Pardoner is greedy and drunk. Matthew 19:24 (ESV) says, â€Å"Again I tell you, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich person to enter the kingdom of God.† Despite this, the Pardoner’s only goal is to scam as many people as he can with his â€Å"pardoning† of sins. The Pardoner would pretend to have objects blessedRead MoreInsight Into Human Behavior And The Canterbury Tales1560 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucer is known for being one of the greatest English poets of his time (Malvern). During Chaucer’s life, he went through many hardships. Some of the hardship Chaucer endured was being kidnapped by French enemies, dealing with the death of his wife, and surviving the Black Death (â€Å"Chaucer†). Chaucer hardship helped him become the author that he was (Malvern). â€Å"The Canterbury Tales is a group of legends narrated by fictional pilgrims on a pilgrimage† (â€Å"Chaucer†). Chaucer’sRead MoreChaucer s The Canterbury Tales1064 Words   |  5 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer, The Author of the Canterbury Tales, is known as the Father of English Literature and is one of the greatest English Poets of the Middle Ages. Chaucer was a soldier, a diplomat, a civil servant, and a courtier, enabling him to experience different aspects of each social ranking, which he demonstrated through his poetry. The Canterbury Tales, his most famous work, is a collec tion of short stories within a frame story, making for an interesting and memorable narrative about 29 pilgrimsRead MoreEssay on Chaucers: The Pardoners Corruption Tale866 Words   |  4 Pagesfourteenth century by Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales bursts its way into the literary world, and quickly made its mark as one of the early English masterpieces. Its poetic verses often disguised the disdain that Chaucer possessed for the hypocritical behaviors that were (and in many ways still are) present with the religious leaders. Throughout this lyrical writing, Chaucer tackles the opulent monk, the corrupt friar, and the flirtatious nun. However, the Pardoner is one of Geoffrey ChaucersRead MoreHypocrisy Revealed in Canterbury Tales891 Words   |  4 PagesChaucers The Canterbury Tales he reveals an underlying flaw in society. Chaucer portrays the Pardoner as hypocritical in order to get his message across to readers. The Pardoner is shown to be the exact definition of a hypocri te by preaching to others to lead a spiritual life, while not living by those preachings himself. In Canterbury Tales, Chaucer reveals hypocritical qualities in the Pardoner through vivid characterization, tone, and morality. In the Pardoners prologue, Chaucer describes whatRead More Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales Essay629 Words   |  3 PagesChaucers story, Canterbury Tales, many of the characters on the pilgrimage make this statement evident with the tales that they tell. Such a distinct relationship can be made between the character of the Pardoner and the tale that he tells. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Through the Prologue to the Pardoners tale, the character of the Pardoner is revealed. Although the Pardoner displays many important traits, the most prevalent is his greed. Throughout the prologue, the Pardoner displays his greedRead MoreCanterbury Tales Character Analysis1334 Words   |  6 PagesThe Canterbury Tales is a written work, by Geoffrey Chaucer, that is a representation of the society he lived in. His work portrays the feudal system during the medieval times and how each level of livelihood was a character, whose personalities reflect how Chaucer and his culture view them. During his time, his society regarded the Christian Church as corrupt and manipulative, with a few clergy who are honest and genuine in their exertion. Therefore, the ecclesiastical persona has the dispositionsRead MoreEssay on The Pardoner’s Tale vs. The Chaucer’s Prologue619 Words   |  3 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer introduces numerous characters in the prologue of The Canterbury Tales; each character possessing a distinct personality and lifestyle. Chaucer gives insight into the lives of the characters on their pilgrimage to Canterbury. The Pardoner u nfurls his thoughts and feelings giving us extended insight into his own character, by providing us with a tale of his own. In doing so, he contrasts other pious figures who are introduced in the prologue, with character traits consisting of anRead MoreComparison Of The Parson And The Canterbury Tales1256 Words   |  6 Pagesfamous novel: The Canterbury Tales, he describes many characters in a satirical way, while others he describes with complete admiration. The narrator (a constructed version of Chaucer himself) is staying at the Tabard Inn in London, when a large group of about twenty-nine people enter the inn, preparing to go on a pilgrimage to Canterbury. After the narrator talks to them, he agrees to join them on their pilgrimage. Although, before the narrator progresses any further in the tale, he describes theRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales : An Analysis Of Medieval Life By Geoffrey Chaucer939 Words   |  4 PagesCanterbury Tales: An Analysis of Medieval Life by Geoffrey C haucer The Canterbury Tales is strongly considered one of the greatest works in medieval literature. An admirer of Chaucer, and the author of Chaucer and the Fifteenth Century, H.S. Bennett describes Chaucer’s unique style as, â€Å"No detail was too small for him to observe, and from it he could frequently draw, or suggest, conclusions which would have escaped many.† While The Canterbury Tales was originally intended to be an epic poem

Ancient Chinese Innovations Free Essays

Ancient Chinese Innovations Jennifer E Strayer University Humanities 111 Ancient Chinese Innovations The ancient Chinese culture has probably contributed more to the advancement of humans than any other. In China’s long history they have shown us many extremely important inventions. In the modern world we take a lot of these innovations for granted even though we use many of them on a daily basis. We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient Chinese Innovations or any similar topic only for you Order Now I have often wondered who invented many items I use and it surprised me to find out that most things I use and quite possibly cannot live without were invented in ancient China. What would we do if paper had not been invented we may still be etching on stone and bones? Cai Lun successfully invented the very first batch of paper using fish nets and tree bark around 105 BCE. The invention of toilet paper would not have been possible without making paper first. Navigation was made easier with the invention of the compass. Would marinara sauce taste as good if it were not covering pasta or ravioli? Pasta was invented around 300 BCE, nearly 2000 years before the Italian or the Arabs. Would the wars of the world ended the way they did without gunpowder? Around 850 CE, Chinese alchemist discovered gunpowder while searching for immortality. Many historical records and books might not have been made if it were not for the ease of moveable-type printing, which allowed for mass production of written material. Earthquake detection is another invention that many might not have lived without it. The early seismograph created during the Han dynasty around 132 CE used a pendulum to alert for a coming earthquake. While it is not known who first invented the sundial, the first mechanical clock was an important innovation by the ancient Chinese. Clark, 2009; Laudan, 2000; University C. , n. d; Unknown, Top 10 greatest inventions of ancient China, 2007) I think the four most innovative inventions given to us by China are the compass, toilet paper, moveable-type printing and the sundial. The magnetic compass was first made somewhere between 221-206 BCE during the Qin dynasty. The original use was in fortune telling until it was discovered that it was better used at pointing out real directions. Originally used as padding or packing material n the second century BCE, the early Chinese writers mention using toilet paper as we do today as early as 589 BCE. The Chinese invented Woodblock printing over 2,000 years ago. Bi Sheng invented moveable clay type printing from which all later printing methods were developed from. The world’s first clock was invented by Yi Xing, a Buddhist monk and mathematician, his clock operated by having water drip onto a wheel that made a revolution every 24 hours. Hundreds of years later Su Song, an astronomer and mechanist, created what we know as the ancestor of the modern clock. Bellis, n. d; University C. , n. d; Unknown, Top 10 greatest inventions of ancient China, 2007) Our modern world was created on the foundation of these innovations, they have been improved upon and upgraded over the centuries but the basic ideas remain the same. If there were one of these inventions that I simply w ould not want to live without it would have to be toilet paper. While water was the common way to cleanse after each trip to the bathroom, the convenience and ease of using toilet paper had travelers to China commenting about people’s cleanliness as early as 851 CE. In any natural disaster one key thing is sanitation; toilet paper is much more sanitary than using your hand and some water. A few months ago I saw a documentary called No Impact Man, where Colin Beaven, his wife and daughter, took part in a yearlong experiment to see if they could go that long and not impact the environment. One of the experiments was if they could go a year without using toilet paper. They did it, using cloth instead, just like cloth diapers, wash and reuse. While I know now that I could survive without toilet paper, I simply would not want to. Rowles, 2010) Works Cited Barsoum, D. M. (2006, December 18). Solving the Mysteries of the Pyramids. Retrieved January 23, 2012, from Department of Materials Science Engineering: http://www. materials. drexel. edu/News/Item/? i=948 Bellis, M. (n. d). The Compass and other Magnetic Innovations. Retrieved February 25, 2012, from inventors. About. com: http://inventors. about. com/od/cstartinventions/a/Compass. htm Clark, J. ( 2009, March 9). Top 10 Ancient Chinese Inventions. Retrieved February 17, 2012, from HowStuffWorks. com: How to cite Ancient Chinese Innovations, Essay examples

Jfk Assassinaton Essay Example For Students

Jfk Assassinaton Essay J.F.K. AssassinationIf Lee Harvey Oswald killed J.F.K. and it wasnt a conspiracy, then why is the government still withholding reports done on the assassination from the publics eyes, in the FBIs possession?President Kennedy was assassinated in 1963 on November 22. He was elected president in 1961. First he was a senator. Then he went straight from Capitol Hill to the White House. Robert Kennedy was attorney general and was J. F. K.s brother. He was head of the investigation of the assassination after Kennedy was killed (3: 1-5). Both Robert and J. F. K. knew that people wanted to kill them. J. F. K. didnt worry about it. But after John F. Kennedy was killed, his brother Robert Kennedy ordered that the casket was to be kept closed to public viewing. Robert thought it would have been him to get killed first, not his brother (5: 83). Robert encouraged his brother to sign three anti-crime bills. The bills targeted organized crime. They were used to stop gambling or at least crack down o n it (7: NP). But even with the bills, the FBI director, Hoover, was afraid to go after the mob before the assassination because he thought his agents would become corrupt, and because Castro knew about the conspiracy against him. Hoover even told his agents that if the Mafia caught them, they would be fired and would be treated as a renegade (5: 84). The government didnt approve of the crack down on the mob that was in America. Teddy Kennedy loved busting the Mafia. People like Jimmy Hoffa. Even Frank Sinatra became close friends with Teddy, even made trips to the White House (3: 12-18). But just like his brother John, Robert was also killed (3: 105). After the assassination Robert carried on the bills and got killed also (3: 105). In 1962 Cuba was known to have missiles from the Soviet Union in Cuba. They thought Cuba or the Soviet Union would make a nuclear strike. Accused of helping the soviet union wage war on the U.S., enemies and suspects were made (7: NP). Neither the FBI no r the CIA approved of getting into the Vietnam War. They didnt approve of any of the presidents decisions (3: 105). There were three shots, even a possible four. Some people think that the last shot was one from an agents gun going off into J.F.K.s head after reacting to the shots (5: 84-85). The first shot missed. The second shot hit J.F.K.s shoulder, back, and throat; and Connallys shoulder, wrist, and leg (5: 84-85). But how could one bullet travel with that much force to go through all of that flesh? The third shot was fatal to Kennedy but was very far away, very accurate, and deadly efficient (5: 99). Even the FBIs best couldnt shot with Oswalds gun that accurately (5: 84-85). The gun was tested by the FBI and was found to be off centered. Many people coming from the grassy knoll heard the possible fourth shot. Someone was also seen running away from the knoll and was seen lingering there before the shots rang out. Whoever it was seemed to look like a FBI agent. The three shots that rang out on that very famous day can not be done in that same amount of time or with that accuracy even today (5: 84-85). Oswald was a very simple person with many mental problems. He mail ordered the gun that he supposedly shot Kennedy with. It only cost 21 dollars and was bought under a bogus name (5: 90). And after buying the gun Oswald had his wife take a picture of him holding the gun up by his side (3: 1-3). Why would Oswald take a picture of himself and the gun if he was planning to kill the President? You cant expect a very good shot to come from a mail order gun for 21 dollars and with a mental case handling it. During the middle of the cold war Oswald ran to Russia and came home disillusioned. Oswald tried to get citizenship in Moscow and when they refused him he cut his wrists (5: 71). And soon after Oswald met with Valery Vladimirovich Kostikov, a Russian ambassador, and with out Oswald knowing, he wrote a memo to his superiors asking if Oswald was in or out of the assassination plot (5: 90). Oswald was such a bad shot that once while he was still in the marines he shot himself in the foot while at post in Japan. Oswald wanted to leave the country so bad that he wanted to go to Cuba and even referred to the leader as Uncle Fidel (5: 72). Why would an American Marine want to go to Cuba where they were hated? Oswalds friends said that Oswald admired Kennedy. He didnt have a motive to kill Kennedy. Even Oswalds wife had a secret attraction to J.F.K., that even hedidnt know about (5: 71-72). Oswald even tried to get his wife to come with him to Dallas to see the President. When she refused him, she awoke the next morning to find his wedding ring and all that they had saved together plus 170 dollars beside their bed (5: 72). No one even actually saw Oswald shoot Kennedy. All that the people saw was Oswald running away from the scene (5: 94). How could the FBI agents get such an accurate description of Oswald if he was running away from the scene? The description was broadcast over the radio right after the assassination. Oswald worked at the book depositary way before the rote was made for Kennedy to come down (5: 94). How could Oswald have known that Kennedy would have been coming that way that afternoon? Oswald denied shooting J.F.K. after being caught and even denied shooting J.D. Tippit after Tippit spotted him. Tippit was a Dallas police officer that was on the look out for Oswald and spotted him in the book depository, where Oswald shot him (5: 72). It was a warm summer day when his life turned upside down EssayHosty, a special agent at the FBI and a friend of Oswald, had his phone number found in Oswalds address book and walked into the FBI weeks before the assassination. Oswald walked into the office and handed them a note to give Hosty, telling them to leave his wife alone (5: 90). Why would the FBI be after Oswalds wife? After Hosty received the note the director of the FBI ordered Hosty to get rid of the note Oswald left him (5: 84). Hosty was also told by the FBI not to tell the Dallas police anymore than he had already told them (5: 86). Why would the FBI be after Oswalds wife? His wife was in no way involved in the assassination. The only part Oswalds wife played in the assassination was she took the famous picture of Oswald holding the mail order gun in his hand. In which Oswald claimed to be a fake. When trailed, Marina Oswald testified that she thought that Lee Harvey Oswald was shooting at John Connally, not J.F.K. Because the former Navy secretary brushed off Oswalds request to upgrade his Marine Corps discharge. Even a Dallas lawyer overheard Oswald and Jack Ruby plotting the kill of Connally, while they were in the book depository. So why would Oswald, a simple veteran who loved his country but tried to escape it, have no motive, try to kill the President? Castro was the one who was angry with the U.S., because they planed to assassinate him. And why would the Warren Commission be made up of just FBI agents and not the CIA and other branches of the government? And why doesnt the government make the report available to the public for viewing? Oswald did not kill the President, but was used to take the blame for the assassination. Ruby was brain washed by the Mafia to kill Oswald. And the Mafia was paid off by the government to hire Ruby. American History Essays

Adoption vs Abortion free essay sample

Within this paper, our learning team will conduct a debate between two topics with very different opposing viewpoints: adoption versus abortion. We will provide questions and answers in regard to whether or not a woman should have an abortion or put up the woman’s baby for adoption. We will provide similarities between adoption and abortion. In addition, we will give differences between adoption and abortion. We will discuss the various religious beliefs between adoption and abortion. The negative psychological effects of adopted and unwanted children will be discussed. In addition, we will determine if abortion is a good option for some women. Many children are on waiting lists for perspective parents, and some of these children wait a long time to acquire adoptive parents. We will also provide statistics on the percentage of children who are abused by adoptive parents. Debate Topic: Adoption versus Abortion Introduction When making the decision to place a child up for adoption or to have an abortion there are many items to consider. We will write a custom essay sample on Adoption vs Abortion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When weighing the pros and cons; there are many more benefits with adoption than abortion. Adoption gives a child a stable home when the birth mother feels she cannot provide such a thing. Adoption gives those who cannot have children or who want more children, the chance to be loving parents. While providing adults with a child, it is also providing the child with a loving, stable, and family environment. Different kinds of adoption that can be done: important for the birth mother, and the adopting parents to be comfortable in his or her decision. Closed adoption in which the birth mother never sees the baby and has no contact throughout his or her lives. Open adoption is a good way for the birth mother to keep updated with the child. The adoptive parents can allow visitations or send pictures throughout the child’s life. Kinship adoption here a family member adopts and raises the child. This provides even more contact between the birth mother and child (Sex,etc. 2010). Adoption gives birth mothers another option than abortion. Bringing a child into this world and allowing a loving family to raise the child is what every mother who cannot provide should do. When adopted children are older, they can decide whether or not to seek their biological parents and if the biological parents will accept them being found is always a chance the child takes. This allows the child to accept why his or her biological parents did put them up for adoption and gives him or her closure if needed. When deciding whether to have a child who will be put up for adoption or acquiring an abortion is important to remember to weigh pro and cons. Whereas abortion allows the mother freedom so does adoption. Whereas abortion allows teens to grow up so does adoption. Adoption is cost free ,and sometimes the adoptive parents provide income for the mother until the baby is born and abortion can range from $500 $2000 depending on how far along the pregnancy is (American Adoptions, 2009). A biggest con to abortion is not being able to see the child develop, which is possible when having an open adoption. Abortion may also cause depression afterwards. Some may have a difficult time getting over the fact a life was just taken because of irresponsibility and selfishness (American Adoptions, 2009). Adoption lessens those chances because knowing that the child is in good hands and receiving what the birth mother could not gives sense of relief and right doing. Adoption versus abortion is difficult for any woman who is not ready to be a mother, and the decision can be more traumatic for some than others. Being comfortable with the decision made and understanding all consequences will provide the best outcome for both the baby and the birth mother. For many people abortion is a word that conjures up images of death, mutilation, and generally a bad feeling. Abortion is a clean procedure that can occur through surgery or medications (Discovery Health, 2010). Many people question if it is better to make the decision of an abortion. They have to believe that the decision made was for the best. The woman could choose to have the child, and give up rights to it, and always wonder how the child is. Both decisions are difficult, and only two people can make the choice, the biological parents. Why is abortion a good option for some women? The reasons for a woman to obtain an abortion vary widely as do the ages of the women. Up to six million pregnancies occur every year. More than half of those pregnancies not planned. Of those women who have an unplanned pregnancy 50% were using a form of contraception when they conceived. About 74% of women surveyed who have had an abortion said that to have a baby at that time in their lives would dramatically change their live. Another 48% said they did not want to be a single mother, or there were problems in their relationships. Interfering with work was another 38% and the same percentage for education. 32% said they could not care for another child. A large 73% of women surveyed said they could not afford to have a baby (Stacey, 2010). A point of interest is a small 1% of women said the abortion was because of a forced sexual encounter (Westside Pregnancy Clinic, 2009). For whatever reason a woman chooses to have an abortion, women have her reasons. Looking at the numbers, this is relatively small in comparison of how many babies are born each year. However, if every woman who opted for an abortion could not have one, and had to carry the child to full term, this would mean 1. 3 million infants would be born each year to fill the orphanages (Stacey, 2010). To make women have a baby when they could not physically, emotionally, or financially care for the child should not be mandatory. Every woman has a right to choose what is right for her. What are some good reasons for abortions? †¢ Though women have a hard time choosing abortion as an option for unwanted pregnancies, they have been making the choice for a long time. †¢ Ultimately, she is the one who would be going through the actual â€Å"Labor† of continuing pregnancy, delivering a baby, bringing the baby up, parenting the child, in addition to other obligations she has to do her daily life. To get it done with little or no help from the partner and families needs a well-balanced body and mind. †¢ Nothing called pro-choice and pro-life. Both ideologies meet at one common point e. g. Pro-Life-Life of the baby and Life of the mother. Life of the baby ultimately depends on mother’s health and it is best to allow the mother to choose for her, when she wants a baby. †¢ Whereas we argue about the mental well being of a woman, how do others get to decide what would be more traumatic to the woman, abortion or, ‘childbirth and the unending list of duties waiting to be accomplished Maisie, 2010). Many children on waiting lists for prospective parents, why is the wait so long for some of these children? Adoption can be a long, tedious, and expensive process. For some adopting parents the child requirements are specific, such as a Caucasian female infant. This could take years to find the right child. Many children older, a different race or not the correct gender could sit in an orphanage for a long time. The adoptive parents must meet strict requirements before adopting a child. This often deters some prospective adoption parents from going through the process because of the invasive way the backgrounds checked (Marchick, 2010). As the prospective parents are going through the tedious process of adoption many children sit, wait, and hope. Children waiting for a family begin to have a sense of loss or separation. Many children often believe a sense of abandonment even after they had been adopted. The psychological effects of a child waiting for adoption can be deeply set into an older child. A person has to wonder if a child waiting in an orphanage for years is better than adopting out quickly. Children the ages of 10 and above have no one who will care for them because of one issue, or another (Unknown Author, 2010). To bring 1. 3 million more children into the world when there are children currently who cannot be adopted would be cruel (Stacey, 2010). What are the negative psychological effects on adopted and unwanted children? Pro-lifers believe every child has a right to life but do not consider the quality of life that child will have either by choice or circumstance. The consequence of a child knowing he or she unwanted by the people supposed to want him or her above all, is a scar carried for life. More than half a million children in this country live in foster homes. It is unrealistic to think that an adopted baby is going to a loving home when in actuality it is 50/50. Many people adopt or foster children just for the money; children bounced around from family to family, deepening their abandonment while suffering other abuses. Abortion should not be used as birth control but one has to realize the implications of being an unwanted child. Many studies have been done that focus on the psychological effects of being an adoptee or an unwanted child. Statistics show that unwanted births are a major factor contributing to the murder of infants and children and to child abuse in general. A study of 37 infants killed within the first 24 hours after birth, he found that 83% of the victims unwanted by the mother (Slaughter of the Innocents, Dr. Resnick, 1977). Females who have unwelcome babies have inferior interactions with their children, at times this is not just reserved for the unwanted child. Because of the detachment of the mother this develops into social and developmental problems for the child. The child is reaching out for attention and acceptance anyway possible. All parts of development are affected negatively, for example, sense of self-worth, behavior traits, learning and work-related achievement, psychological, and personal associations. Adopted children in the United States are the only citizens who cannot know their true names and the names of the birth parents. What Percent of children put up for adoption is abused? Finding statistics for abused children in adoption and foster care is virtually impossible because the numbers change frequently and most cases go unreported. In Ohio, there are more than 3,500 children waiting to be adopted. Even though adoption can be thought of as a loving choice, it is also a lucrative business earning approximately 1. 4 billion dollars a year; confidential adoptions are roughly $60,000. The childs wellbeing is subsequent to the money that can be acquired. Sadly, there is a valid unspoken possibility that these children will be physically, sexually, and mentally abused. For instance, seven-year-old Nathanial Carver was beaten to death by his adopted parents; his body had nearly 80 external injuries – 20 of them to his head August 19, 2009. A 4-year-old girl adoptee suffered bruises, welts, cuts and burns to her face and upper body from scalding hot bath water February 21, 2010. The time to increase society’s consciousness to the abuse in the adoption system is now; these are children not merchandise. The lesson to ascertain unwanted pregnancies provide a platform for abuse and neglect, which in turn warps the child who will eventually be part of society. People need to meet requirements to drive or carry a gun, but anyone can make and mold a life; it is time for that to change. Is Adoption the Heroic Choice? Women who make adoption plans for their children are heroes. In fact, they may be among the most heroic people in our society. Few people place the needs of others so far ahead of their own needs. A birth mother, who makes an adoption plan for her child, makes, if not the ultimate sacrifice for her child, certainly one, which few of us would have the courage to make. A birth mother makes an adoption plan because she loves her baby and wants to provide more for her baby than she herself can provide. This is not because she is a bad person or an unfit parent, far from it. In fact she realizes the limitations of what she can realistically provide for her child. She makes the most difficult decision of her life; allowing another person the opportunity to parent her child, to love her child, and to have a relationship with her child; which she knows that she can only dream. Unfortunately, in our society, women who choose to abort their babies receive more support and encouragement than those who make an adoption plan. Fully one half of the American public believes that a woman has an absolute right to abort her child. In fact, many of those same people would use force, if necessary, to ensure that a woman has a right to abort her child. They would campaign against a political figure who did not support abortion, and would try to block appointments to the United States Supreme Court or even lobby against cabinet nominees. If they believed that the person may try to curtail abortion in our country (Kirsh, 1993). What are Christian Beliefs Regarding Abortion Issues? Christians divided on the issue of Abortion. The polls show that a majority of people have reservations about both the extreme pro-life and pro-choice positions.

New Product! Reedsy Launches New Book Marketing Tool

New Product! Reedsy Launches New Book Marketing Tool Big Announcement! We've Launched a New Book Marketing Tool For over four years, the team at Reedsy has worked with thousands of self-published authors helping them develop their craft and publish better books with the help of our professional editors, designers, and book marketers. And in that time, we’ve noticed one thing popping up again and again: As an indie author, it’s really hard to find readers.When you’ve spent ages perfecting your book, polishing the manuscript and nailing the cover design, it going to be a total bummer if you put it out into the world and only hear the sound of crickets (notably, the least literate of insects).With this challenge in mind, we’re really excited to announce the launch of Reedsy Discovery 🎉 #Selfpub authors! Check out Reedsy's new book marketing platform! What is Reedsy Discovery?Designed with indie authors in mind, Reedsy Discovery is a platform that gives you direct exposure to hundreds of reviewers and thousands of readers. With the help of our community and machine-learning algorithms, Reedsy Discovery will let you home in on eager readers who would otherwise have no way of finding out about your awesome mystery novel, fantasy epic, memoir, or non-fiction masterpiece. In short, it’s all about connecting your book with the right people. Or, if you want another comparison: it’s like Goodreads for indie authors (only it looks a lot better).Throwing humility to the wind, our aim is to make Reedsy Discovery the go-to platform for any author looking to create momentum for their launch.So how does it work?When you sign up to Discovery, your book will be presented to a pool of experienced and relevant reviewers that have been hand-selected by the team at Reedsy. For maximum suitability, they get to choose what they review - so make sure that your title, synopsis, and cover catches their eye!Then, on the launch date of your choice (which, we’re imagining might coincide with your publishing date) your book will be promoted to thousands of registered readers who can then:Browse your sample chapter 👀Comment on it 💠¬Lovingly admire your cover design 😠Read your review (if you have one) 🠤“Upvote the book 👠And purchase it through your chosen online retailers 💠¸ Big announcement! You can now find over 100 reviewers for indie books at Reedsy Discovery! At launch, authors will pay $50 for exposure on Reedsy Discovery. To stand the best chance of attracting the right reviewer, we’ve created a guide to launching on Reedsy Discovery which includes our best submission tips.So if you’re a self-publishing author, why not head down to Reedsy Discovery and find out how we can help you get the reviews and readers that your book launch deserves!Want to help out your ol’ buddies at Reedsy? Click here and upvote Reedsy Discovery at Product Hunt. Any help us get the word out about this service - which will, in turn, help you get more eyes on your next book.

The impact of Communicational climate on job satisfaction and job Literature review

The impact of Communicational climate on job satisfaction and job performance - Literature review Example Many organizations are run through managerial leadership or rather transactional leadership. Burns (1978) says that transactional leadership is based on the assumption that improving communication will increase morale and motivation, which in turn will increase individual and organizational performance (p. 55). It makes a lot of senses that satisfied workers will work harder and perform better than dissatisfied workers; if people are happy at work, they should work harder and perform better than dissatisfied workers; if people are happy at work, they should be more committed to their organization and thus should want to work harder to make sure their organization succeeds. Northhouse (2010) argues that relational strategies do have positive effects on performance in the production-oriented firms, but not for the reasons typically ascribed to it (p. 45). Rafaeli & Sudweeks (1994) says that 50 years of research on the bond between job satisfaction and performance have not found strong relationships between the two (p. 99). The average correlation is 0.14 which means that about 2 percent of differences in employee’s performance can be attributed to differences in their job satisfaction or that other factors simultaneously increase both satisfaction and performance. Organizational communication usually takes the form of top-bottom communication meaning that communication comes from top managers to lower rank employees. This is the most common although bottom-top communication also occurs at times. Pliskin & Romm (1990) says that a string of later studies exposed empirical evidence suggesting that employee’s perceptions of top management communication influence employee’s job satisfaction and performance (p. 56-60). Poole (1983) found in a study of hospital nurses, for example, that the factors most influencing nurses’ job satisfaction, and performance

An implementation of an E - COMMERCE Mathematical tutorial website Essay

An implementation of an E - COMMERCE Mathematical tutorial website - Essay Example The paper tells that technology changes us in the same way as it changes the world. It changes our perception towards others and it influences and plays a critical role in every minute aspect of our lives so much so that one may understand the impact of the famous quote made by Howard Sparks at once. The rapid increase of the use of technology has changed the way one looks at things. Our learning and teaching methods have changed dramatically over the past few decades. Today, the physical barriers of geographical location, race, or age do not bind us from aspiring to learn or achieve anything. The impact has rather been explosive over the last decade with the introduction of new methods as far as teaching is concerned. The main reason for such a significant change has been the enormous use of the Internet & the World Wide Web. The extensive use of the World Wide Web has enabled us to create new teaching methods that have proven to be a major hit over conventional teaching methods. Th is is the new age of the concept of e-learning. One of the significant changes that e-learning has brought about has been that it has moved away from traditional teaching methods, where the learner used to be passive all along the while. The approach used by e-learning is in contrast to this idea and adopts an interactive methodology towards learning by transforming the learning medium and the teaching session into an appealing and an interactive one. Therefore, this is one of the major areas that the present project has had to concentrate on.

Crystal Violate activation of energy Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Crystal Violate activation of energy - Lab Report Example This reaction is as below in a simplified form by abbreviating the crystal violets chemical formula as CV. The violet-colored CV+ reactant slowly faded to a colorless product as the reaction proceeded, following the typical behavior of any indicator. The colour change were be measured by a Vernier Colorimeter set at 565 nm of wavelength in assumption that absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration of crystal violet according to Beer’s law. The molar concentration of the sodium hydroxide, NaOH, solution was much greater than that of crystal violet. This ensured that the reaction, which is first order with respect to crystal violet, was first order overall throughout the practical experiment. The reactions were monitored at different temperatures, while maintaining the initial concentrations of the reactants the same for each of the trial. The effects of temperature change on the rate of reaction were observed and measured. Finally, the activation energy, Ea, for the reaction was calculated. In this lab Experiment the apparatus and materials used included Lab Quest , Lab Quest App Temperature Probe, Vernier Colorimeter, Temperature Probe, 5 plastic cuvettes, 0.10 M sodium hydroxide, NaOH, solution, 2.5 Ãâ€" 10–5 M crystal violet solution, 1 liter beaker, ice, watch with a second hand, two 10 mL graduated cylinders, two 100 mL beakers and 50 mL beaker. In this experiment, the procedure was as follow. The initial step involved obtaining and wearing goggles. This was followed by connecting the Colorimeter to Channel 1 of LabQuest and the Temperature Probe to Channel 2 of LabQuest and choosing New from the File menu. The next step involved changing the data-collection rate to 1 samples /second and the length to 200 seconds. The colorimeter was the calibrated and the calibration used for all the four trials in the done in the experiment. In calibrating the colorimeter, a blank was prepared by filling an

Analysis of Ryanairs Strategy

Analysis of Ryanairs Strategy Business Environment:- Strategy is the Scope and Direction of an organization over the long term: Which achieves advantages for the organization through its configuration of resources â€Å"Challenging Business Environment†, to meet the needs of market and Stakeholders expectations. Definition: Business Strategy is a long term plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal or set of goals or objectives www.rapid-intelligence-business-sucess.com Or A course of action including the specification of resources required, to achieve a specific objective http://dictionery.bent.com Strategic management or business strategy is a level of managerial activity under setting goals and over Tactics. It provides overall direction to the business enterprise and is related to the field of organizational studies. Strategic Strategic management or business strategy includes Formulation Evaluation Strategic Formulation:- Evaluation:- Evaluation is divided into 3 parts It is important to conduct a SWOT analysis to find out the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. SWOT analysis may require taking certain precautions needed. suitability Feasibility Acceptability www.en.wikipedia.org Strategies exist at different levels in any organization. Corporate Strategy Business unit strategy Operational strategy Corporate Strategy:- It is concerned with the overall purpose and scope of the business to meet stake holders expectations. This is the crucial level since it is heavily influenced by the investors in the business and acts to guide strategic decision making. Example of corporate strategy:- Lets take an example of GE. To make this clear, GEs corporate strategy is of inter relating business units. Consumer electrics, submarines, locomotives, light bulbs etc share some synergies and each part is a separate business unit. This is what corporate strategy about. Business Strategy:- This is concerned more with how a business competes successfully in a business market. It concerns strategic decisions about choice of products, meeting needs of customers, gaining advantage over competitors, exploiting or creating new opportunities etc. Example of Business strategy:- For example, here I am taking Tesco supermarkets business strategy. Tesco is a UKs largest retailer and one of the top supermarket operators in the world plans to open a thousand strong chains of discount stores in the US. This expansion plan and strategy places it directly against the competitor retail giant Wal Mart. The US retail market is most competitive in the world. This is a fact well known to British retailers Sainsburys and marks Spencer which failed to attract US customers. Tescos Business Strategy in the US Healthy food, no waiting:- Fresh Easy stores: Tesco Started operations in the US by opening its Fresh Easy stores in Las Vegas, Los angels, San Diego and Phoenix. By 2010 Tesco plans to open 200 more outlets to expand the retail network. Tescos basic US stores will be similar to Europeans Discounters ASDA and LIDL though Tesco stores will be 75% smaller than most American super markets. Fresh Easy stores are about 10000 square feet are one third the size of a typical super market, but four times that of a convenience store. Tesco is adopting a hard discount model in the US. Tescos convenience stores modeled on the Tesco Express blueprint target US Grocers 7-Eleven and locallyrun stores. This case study covers the following issues. Asses Tescos globalization strategies Examine and analyze the entry and expansion strategies of Tesco in US Study how Tesco localized its retail practices in US Understand Tescos efforts to integrate its global best practices with local Strategies in US. Operational strategy:- Operational strategy is concerned with how each part of the business is organized to the deliver the corporate and business level strategic direction. Operational strategy focuses on resources, processes, people etc. Example:- Here I am giving the example of Ryan air, which is a biggest low cost European air line. Ryanair was the first low budget airline in Europe, modeled after the successful U.S. low cost carrier, Southwest airlines. Ryanair is one of the oldest and most successful low cost airlines of Europe. This case study on Ryanair highlights its low fares business model, its business strategies and operations. The case further incorporates the history and business description of Ryanair, its operations and challenges as a budget airline. Features and benefits of the low cost business model are also discussed. Ryanair won, the ‘Southwest of European Airlines in 2007. A year earlier, Ryanair hedged fuel and a performance to envy. Ryan airs passenger Grown in Millions. History of Ryanair:- Ryan airs initial efforts as a low cost carrier 1990 Restructuring at Ryanair The growth of Ryanair Analyzing the low cost business model Ryanair low fares strategy and standardized Operational model Advantages of using secondary or airports located outside city Low wage bills Ryanair.com and online bookings of tickets The easy jet challenge Ryanair failed merger bid and other controversies Ryanair/Aerlingus merger failure Ryanair and EU Some low fare carriers around the world Exhibit 1: Features and benefits of low fares business model Exhibit 2: Oil prices comparison, 1994 2009 Exhibit 3: List of approved and prohibited merges by the EU in the airline industry Exhibit 4: Comparative performance data of some major European LFA Exhibit 5: Map of the European Union Introduction to Ryanair: The ‘southwest of European airlines in 2007 Ryanair, Europes biggest low fares airline (LFA) reported its third quarter results for 2007 with net profits dropping 27 percent compared to a net profit of 48 million a year earlier. Ryanair cited poor market conditions, fuel costs and concerns on recession in the UK and many other European economies for its current performance and not so strong future profit expectations. With average winter fares dropping almost 5 percent its underlying net profit in the three moths to end December fell to 35 million Euros. Ryanair net profit figure excluded a one off gain of 12.1 million Euros arising from the disposal of 5 Boeing 737- 800 aircraft. History of Ryanair Ryanair was set up in 1985 and is one of the oldest and most successful low cost airlines of Europe. In fact, Ryanair was one of the first independent airlines in Ireland. Ryanair transformed the Irish air services market where other airlines like Avair failed to compete with the more powerful national carrier Aerlingus. Ryan airs initial efforts as a low cost carrier Ryan air began by offering low cost no frills services between Ireland and London. Ryan brothers Catlan, Declan and Shane Ryan were the founding share holders of Ryanair. Ryanair was set up with a share capital of just  £1, and a staff of 25. Tony Ryan, their father and the chairmen of Guinness Peat Aviation (GPA), an aircraft leasing company lent Ryanair its first airplane, a fifteen seater turbo prop commuter plane. Ryan airs first cabin crew recruits had to be less than 5ft 2ins. tall so as to be able to operate in the tiny cabin of aircraft Strategic Analysis:- Strategic analysis is all about the analyzing strength of business position and understanding the important external factors that may influence that position. The process of strategic analysis can be assisted by a number of tools, including: Scenario Planning: This technique that builds various plausible views of possible futures for a business. Scenario Planning or scenario thinking is a strategic planning tool used to make flexible long term plans. It is a method for learning about the future by understanding the nature and impact of the most uncertain and important driving forces affecting our world. Many of the regular methods for strategy development assume that the world in three to ten years time will not significantly differ from that of today and that an organization will have a large impact on its environment. Although the method is most widely used as a strategic management tool, it can also be used for enabling other types of group discussion about a common future. The thought process involved in getting to the scenarios have the dual purpose of increasing knowledge of the environment in which you operate and widening the participants perception of appropriate action plans can be considered. www.jisinfonet.ac.uk www.en.wikipedia.org Pest analysis: This is a technique for understanding business environment. Pest analysis stands for â€Å"Political, Economic, social and Technological analysis† and describes as a frame work of macro environmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic management. Some analysts added Legal and rearranged the mnemonic to SLEPT. Inserting Environmental factors expanded it to PESTLE or PESTEL, which is popular in the UK. The growing importance of environmental or ecological factors in the first decade of the 21st century have given rise to green business and encouraged widespread use of an updated version of the PEST framework. Political factors are how and to what degree a government intervenes in the economy. Specially, political factors include areas such as tax policy, labor law, environmental law, trade restrictions, traffics, and political stability. Economic factors include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and inflation rate. Social factors include the crucial aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Technological factors include ecological and environmental aspects. Environmental factors include weather, climate and climate change, which may affect industries such as tourism, farming, and insurance. Legal factors include discrimination law, consumer law, antitrust law, employment law, and health and safety law. Market segmentation: A technique which seeks to identify similarities and differences between groups of customers or users. A market segment is a group of people or organizations sharing one or more characteristics that cause them to have similar product and/or service needs. The purpose for segmenting a market is to allow your marketing program to focus on the subset of prospects that are most likely to purchase your offering. When numerous variables are combined to give an in depth understanding of a segment, this is referred to as depth segmentation. When enough information is combined to create a clear picture of a typical member of a segment, this is referred to as a buyer profile. A statistical technique commonly used in determining a profile is cluster analysis. Once a market segment has been identified and targeted, the segment is then subject to positioning. Positioning involves ascertaining how a product is perceived in the minds of consumers. www.businessplans.org Five forces analysis: A technique for identifying the forces which affect the level of competition in an industry. This analysis helps the marketer to contrast a competitive environment. It has similarities with other tools for environmental audit, such as PEST analysis, but tends to focus on the single, stand alone, business or SBU (Strategic Business Unit) rather than a single product or range of products. Five force analyses looks at five key areas namely the threat of entry, the power of buyers, the power of suppliers, the threat of substitutes, and competitive rivalry. Threat of entry: Economies of scale. Ex: the benefits associated with bulk purchasing 2) The high or low cost of entry Cost advantages not related to the size of the company Government action The power of buyers:- This is high where there a few, large players in a market Cost of switching between suppliers is low The power of suppliers:- Where the switching costs are high Power is high where the brand is powerful Customers are fragmented The threat of substitutes:- Where there is generic substitution Where there is product for product substitution Competitive Rivalry:- This is most likely to be high where entry is likely www.mareketingteacher.com Competitor analysis: a wide range of techniques and analysis that seeks to summarize a businesses overall competitive position. Competitor analysis is an important part of the strategic planning process. Competitor analysis in marketing and strategic management is an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of current and potential competitors. This analysis has several important roles in strategic planning. To help management understand their competitive advantages or disadvantages relative to competitors. To generate understanding of competitors past, present and future strategies. To provide an informed basis to develop strategies to achieve competitive advantage in the future To help forecast the returns that may be made from future investments Competitor analysis is an essential component of corporate strategy; it is argued that most firms do not conduct this type of analysis systematically enough. Instead, many enterprises operate on what is called informal impressions. A common technique is to create detailed profiles on each of your major competitors. These profiles give an in depth description of the competitors background, finances, products, markets, facilities, personnel and strategies. Directional policy matrix: A technique which summarizes the competitive strength of a businesses operation in specific markets. This matrix measures the health of the market and your strength to pursue it. The result indicates the direction for future investment. The recommendation may be to invest, grow, harvest or divest. Most businesses have more than one product and operate in several markets. One effective approach to ensuring that objectivity has an input into such prioritization is the directional policy matrix (DPM). www.brs-inc.com Critical success factor analysis: A technique to identify those areas in which a business must outperform the competition in order to succeed. Critical success factors are the critical factors or activities required for ensuring the success your business. The term was initially used in the world of data analysis, and business analysis. Critical success Factor is the term of an element that is necessary for an organization or project to achieve its mission. It is a critical factor or activity required for ensuring the success of your business. A critical success factor is not a key performance indicator. CSFs are elements that are vital for a strategy to be successful. KPIs are measures that quantify management objectives and enable the measurement of strategic performance. The term was initially used in the world of data analysis, and business analysis. Critical success factors (CSFs) are tailored to a firms or managers particular situation as different situations to different critical success factors. Five key sources of CSFs The industry Competitive strategy and industry position Environmental factors Temporal factors Managerial position www.rapidbi.com SWOT analysis: This is a useful summary technique for summarizing the key issues arising from an assessment of a business â€Å"internal† position and external environmental influences. SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a business venture. It involves specifying the objective of the business venture or project identifying the internal and external factors that are the favorable and unfavorable to a convention at Stanford University in the 1960s and 1970s using data from fortune 500 companies. A SWOT analysis must first start with defining a desired end state or objective. A SWOT analysis may be incorporated into the strategic planning model. An example of a strategic planning technique that incorporates an objective driven SWOT analysis is ‘Strategic Creative Analysis (SCAN). Strategic planning, including SWOT and SCAN analysis, has been the subject of much research. Strengths: attributes of the person or company that are helpful to achieving the objective. Weakness: Attributes of the person or company that are harmful to achieving the objective Opportunities: External conditions that are helpful to achieving the objective. Threats: External conditions which could do damage to the objective. Identification of SWOTs is essential because subsequent steps in the process of planning for achievement of the selected objective may be derived from the SWOTs. The SWOT analysis is often used in academia to highlight and identify strengths, weaknesses. Opportunities and threats. It is particularly helpful in identifying areas for development. Another way of utilizing SWOT is ‘matching and ‘converting. Matching is used to find competitive advantages by matching the strengths to opportunities. Converting is to apply conversion strategies to convert threats or weaknesses into strengths or opportunities. An example of conversion strategy is to find new markets. If the threats or weaknesses cannot be converted a company should try to minimize or avoid them. Evidence on the use of SWOT SWOT analysis may limit the strategies considered in the evaluation. J.Scott Armstrong notes that â€Å"people who use SWOT might conclude that they have done an adequate job of planning and ignore such sensible things as defining the firms objectives or calculating ROI for alternative strategies. As an alternative to SWOT, Armstrong described a 5 step approach alternative that leads to better corporate performance. These criticisms are addressed to an old version of SWOT analysis that precedes the SWOT analysis described above under the heading â€Å"Strategic and Creative use of SWOT analysis†. This old version did not require that SWOTs be derived from an agreed upon objective. Example of SWOT analyses that do not state an objective are provided below under â€Å"Human Resource† and â€Å"Marketing.† Internal and external factors The aim of any SWOT analysis is to identify the key internal and external factors that are important to achieving the objective. These come from within the companys unique value chain. SWOT analysis groups key pieces of information into two main categories. Internal factors: The strengths and weaknesses internal to the organization. External factors: The opportunities and threats presented by the external environment to the organization. Use a PEST or PESTLE analysis to help identify factors. The internal facts may be viewed as strengths or weaknesses depending upon their impact on the organizations objectives. What may represent strengths with respect to one objective may be weakness for another objective. The factors may include all of the 4Ps; as well as personnel, finance, manufacturing capabilities, and so on. The external factors may include macroeconomic matters, technological change, legislation, and socio results are often presented in the form of a matrix. SWOT analysis is just one method of categorization and has its own weaknesses. For example, it may tend to persuade companies to compile lists rather than thinking about what is actually important in achieving objectives. It also presents the resulting lists uncritically and without clear prioritization so that, for example, weak opportunities may appear to balance strong threats. It is prudent not to eliminate too quickly any candidates SWOT entry. The importance of individual SWOTs will be revealed by the value of the strategies it generates. A SWOT item that produces valuable strategies is important. A SWOT item that generates no strategies is not important. Conclusion:- Here I am concluding that my assignment was completed. Strategy at different levels of management was explained including different methods like SWOT analysis, CSF, DPM, etc. I have tried my best to compete this assignment with the help of some online resources.

Flagstaff, Arizona :: Flagstaff Personal Narratives Essays

Flagstaff, Arizona Could a town really change me as much as I think? Flagstaff, Arizona is one of the coolest towns that I have ever been, but at the same time; one of the quirkiest. Is Flagstaff a small mountain town, a big city, a hip university town, or a large industrial center? The environment and culture of Flagstaff is extremely diverse, making it difficult for outsiders to find their place in Flagstaff. I often wonder how I ended up in this little town in the mountains. I came from a relatively large city in Indiana, but knew that I had to escape the Midwest’s conservative grasp. I never really intended to end up in Flagstaff. For as long as I can remember, I had wanted to go to the University of Arizona and live in Tucson. I obviously didn’t end up in Tucson. From the first time that I visited Flagstaff, I knew that this town was special. Perhaps it holds more draw for outsiders than locals, but its environment and culture has definitely drawn me in, changed me, and changed my life. When I decided to attend Northern Arizona University and be a Lumberjack, it was initially due to its reputation as the best teachers college in Arizona, but ironically, I have never been an education major, or taken any education courses. Education was an overcrowded field, so I entertained the idea of being a Computer Science major. Ha! That lasted less than a month before I knew that was going to fail. Early on the path towards graduation, I still held a primarily etic point of view of Flagstaff. For about the first two years in Flagstaff, I viewed Flagstaff as a cool town, but still considered Indiana to be my home. I either didn’t realize or wasn’t allowing myself to become a part of this town. Once I realized that I was part of this town, my notion of Flagstaff changed, and the town began to change me. As I began to understand how this town ticks I wanted to find a way to become a bigger part of this town. I understood that this town was heavily reliant on tourism for it economy. This is how I came to be a Parks and Recreation Management major. Flagstaff, Arizona :: Flagstaff Personal Narratives Essays Flagstaff, Arizona Could a town really change me as much as I think? Flagstaff, Arizona is one of the coolest towns that I have ever been, but at the same time; one of the quirkiest. Is Flagstaff a small mountain town, a big city, a hip university town, or a large industrial center? The environment and culture of Flagstaff is extremely diverse, making it difficult for outsiders to find their place in Flagstaff. I often wonder how I ended up in this little town in the mountains. I came from a relatively large city in Indiana, but knew that I had to escape the Midwest’s conservative grasp. I never really intended to end up in Flagstaff. For as long as I can remember, I had wanted to go to the University of Arizona and live in Tucson. I obviously didn’t end up in Tucson. From the first time that I visited Flagstaff, I knew that this town was special. Perhaps it holds more draw for outsiders than locals, but its environment and culture has definitely drawn me in, changed me, and changed my life. When I decided to attend Northern Arizona University and be a Lumberjack, it was initially due to its reputation as the best teachers college in Arizona, but ironically, I have never been an education major, or taken any education courses. Education was an overcrowded field, so I entertained the idea of being a Computer Science major. Ha! That lasted less than a month before I knew that was going to fail. Early on the path towards graduation, I still held a primarily etic point of view of Flagstaff. For about the first two years in Flagstaff, I viewed Flagstaff as a cool town, but still considered Indiana to be my home. I either didn’t realize or wasn’t allowing myself to become a part of this town. Once I realized that I was part of this town, my notion of Flagstaff changed, and the town began to change me. As I began to understand how this town ticks I wanted to find a way to become a bigger part of this town. I understood that this town was heavily reliant on tourism for it economy. This is how I came to be a Parks and Recreation Management major.

Animal Farm, Snowball Essay

He led a revolution, became a scapegoat, and was exiled from his home lane. This person was Leon Trotsky, a Russian Marxist revolutionary. In the novel Animal Farm, Trotsky came out through a pig named Snowball. Throughout the novel, Trotsky is brought up more and more through snowball. Leon Trotsky is represented through Snowball by the many life events they had in common. Snowball was chased away from the farm and became an exile by Napoleons trained dogs. In Trotsky’s life, he too became an exile from his home. He sent away and banned from returning. In addition, Napoleon claimed that all the ideas that had come from Snowball were actually all his own creations. â€Å"One of them all but closed his jaws on Snowballs tail, but Snowball whisked it free just in time. Then he put on an extra spurt†¦ slipped through a hole†¦ and was seen no more†(68). This is a quote from the scene where Snowball becomes banned from the farm. After Snowball takes charge over the farm for some time, his comrade, Napoleon comes to despise him. Snowball and Napoleon never agree on anything. Napoleon did not want the animals to side with Snowball, he always argued against Snowballs ideas and was never friendly towards him. What also went on was Napoleon, showing his hatred for Snowball, examined the layouts Snowball had made for the windmill and urinated over the plans. Napoleon showed his disgust by urinating on something that was important to Snowball. â€Å"†¦looked closely at every detail of the plans†¦ then suddenly he [Napoleon] lifted his leg, urinated over the plans, and walked away†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (65). Obviously the action that Napoleon just committed shows hatred for Snowball. After Snowball was gone from the farm, he became a scapegoat for Napoleon. It was suddenly Snowballs fault that the windmill had collapsed. Napoleon needed a reason for it to have fallen, and who better to blame than Snowball, that way the animals would want revenge by building a stronger one; exactly what Napoleon wanted. In addition, it was announced that Snowball had been sneaking onto the farm to steal corn, break eggs and what not. Whatever bad thing that occurred was automatically put on Snowball by Napoleon. â€Å"Whenever anything went wrong it became usual to attribute it to Snowball†(88). With hardly ever any proof, Snowball was always the scapegoat. In conclusion, it is obvious how Snowball went through the events of Leon Trotsky’s life. From having his ideas stolen to becoming a scapegoat, he led the life of a famous revolutionary leader, though it wasn’t a very good life, he made a big impact on all of his comrades and will never be forgotten.

Because of Winn-Dixie by Kate DiCamillo, Book and Movie

Because of Winn-Dixie by Kate DiCamillo, Book and Movie Because of Winn-Dixie by Kate DiCamillo is a novel we highly recommend for ages 8 to 12. Why? Its a combination of the excellent writing by the author, a story both poignant and humorous and a main character, 10-year-old Opal Buloni, who, along with her dog Winn-Dixie, will win readers hearts. The story centers on Opal and the summer she moves with her father to Naples, Florida. With the help of Winn-Dixie, Opal conquers loneliness, makes unusual friends and even convinces her father to tell her 10 things about her mother who abandoned the family seven years ago. The Story With the opening words of Because of Winn-Dixie, author Kate DiCamillo captures young readers attention. My name is India Opal Buloni, and last summer my daddy, the preacher, sent me to the store for a box of macaroni-and-cheese, some white rice, and two tomatoes and I came back with a dog. With these words, ten-year-old Opal Buloni begins her account of the summer her life changed because of Winn-Dixie, a goofy stray dog she adopted. Opal and her father, whom she usually refers to as the preacher, have just moved to Naomi, Florida. Her mother abandoned the family when Opal was three. Opals father is the preacher at the Open Arms Baptist Church of Naomi. Although they are living at the Friendly Corners Trailer Park, Opal does not have any friends yet. The move and her loneliness make Opal miss her fun loving mother more than ever. She wants to know more about her mother, but the preacher, who misses his wife very much, wont answer her questions. The author, Kate DiCamillo, does an excellent job of capturing the voice of Opal, who is a resilient child. With the help of Winn-Dixie, Opal begins to meet a number of people in her community, some quite eccentric. As the summer progresses, Opal builds a number of friendships with people of all ages and types. She also convinces her father to tell her ten things about her mother, one for every year of Opals life. Opals story is both humorous and poignant as she learns about friendships, families, and moving on. It is, as the author states, ...a hymn of praise to dogs, friendship, and the South. An Award Winner Kate DiCamillo earned one of the highest honors in childrens literature when Because of Winn-Dixie was named a Newbery Honor Book for excellence in young peoples literature. In addition to being named a 2001 Newbery Honor Book, Because of Winn-Dixie was awarded the Josette Frank Award from the Childrens Book Committee at Bank Street College of Education. This annual childrens fiction award honors outstanding works of realistic childrens fiction that portray children who successfully deal with problems. Both awards were well deserved. Author Kate DiCamillo Since the publication of Because of Winn-Dixie in 2000, Kate DiCamillo has gone on to write a number of award-winning childrens books, including The Tale of Despereaux, awarded the John Newbery Medal in 2004, and Flora and Ulysses, awarded the 2014 John Newbery Medal. In addition to all of her writing, Kate DiCamillo served a two-year term as the 2014-2015 National Ambassador for young Peoples Literature. My Recommendations: The Book and the Movie Versions Because of Winn-Dixie was first published in 2000. Since then, paperback, audiobook and e-book editions have been published. The paperback edition is about 192-pages long. The cover of the 2015 paperback edition is pictured above. I would recommend Because of Winn-Dixie for children 8 to 12, although the publisher recommends it for ages 9 to 12. It is also a good book to read aloud to kids 8 to 12. The childrens movie version of Because of Winn-Dixie opened on February 18, 2005. We  would also recommend the Because of Winn-Dixie movie for children between the ages of eight and twelve. Its on the list of the Top Kids Movies Based on Books for Kids Ages 8-12. We recommend your children read Because of Winn-Dixie before seeing the movie. Reading a book allows readers to fill in all of the gaps in a story from their own imaginations, whereas if they see the movie before reading the book, memories of the movie will interfere with their own interpretation of the story. (One caveat: If your kids dont like to read, you can use the movie to interest them in reading the book afterwards.) While we like the movie version of Because of Winn-Dixie very much, we  like the book even better because of DiCamillos writing style and because theres more time and attention spent on character and plot development than in the movie. However, one of the things we particularly like about the movie was the sense of place and time it creates. While a few critics found the movie cloying and trite, the bulk of the reviews matched my perception of the movie as very good and gave it three to four stars and cited it as touching and funny. We agree. If you have children 8 to 12, encourage them to read the book and watch the movie. You might also do the same. For more about the book, download the Candlewick Press Because of Winn-Dixie Discussion Guide. (Candlewick Press, 2000. latest edition 2015. ISBN: 9780763680862)

The eNotes Blog Top Ten Fictional Frights for a HalloweenNight

Top Ten Fictional Frights for a HalloweenNight Maybe you no longer go Trick-or-Treating on Halloween night, but no one ever outgrows the love of a good, scary story. Recently, I asked for favorite scares of a literary bent and you responded with the following suggestions. So grab a warm blanket, light a candle, and curl up with some blood-curdling good stories. 1.   Something Wicked This Way Comes by Ray Bradbury Ray Bradburys novel about two thirteen-year-old boys who visit an evil carnival may sound rather benign but it is a frightening read, and the top vote-getter in my poll. Heres an excerpt from the novel: For these beings, fall is ever the normal season, the only weather, there be no choice beyond. Where do they come from? The dust. Where do they go? The grave. Does blood stir their veins? No: the night wind. What ticks in their head? The worm. What speaks from their mouth? The toad. What sees from their eye? The snake. What hears with their ear? The abyss between the stars. They sift the human storm for souls, eat flesh of reason, fill tombs with sinners. They frenzy forth.Such are the autumn people. Umm. Yeah. Someone please turn on the lights. 2. Pet Semetary by Stephen King Multiple titles by the living Master of Horror, Stephen King, were suggested, including It and The Shining. But there is something particularly unsettling about Kings imagining of the reanimation of beloved pets. As one of the characters eventually realizes, â€Å"Sometimes dead is better. 3. H.P. Lovecrafts Necronomicon This little bit of terror is not a novel or short story per se, but it is a fictional grimoire used by another master of the horror genre, H.P. Lovecraft. In this book of magic, we learn more about the Old Ones and the terrifying Cthulhu. In The Call of Cthulu, Lovecraft writes: The most merciful thing in the world, I think, is the inability of the human mind to correlate all its contents. We live on a placid island in the midst of black seas of infinity and it was not meant that we should voyage far. Some day the piecing together of dissociated knowledge will open up such terrifying vistas of reality that we shall either go mad from the relevation or flee from the deadly light into the peace and safety of a new dark age. You have been warned 4. Burn, Witch, Burn by Abraham Merritt Track a witch and burn her alive. Good times. Says the friend who recommended this: Total pulp. Depression-era junk. But was creepy as hell when I read it for a Marginal Lit. class. It also made it to Marginal Film-making in this 1962 flick starring Nobody-Youve-Ever Heard-Of and co-starring Nobody-Youve-Ever Heard-Of . 5. Porphryias Lover by Robert Browning Strangled with your own hair? See what happens when you live in repression? Im looking at YOU, Victorians. I found / a thing to do, and all her hair / In one yellow string I wound / Three times her little throat around / And strangled her. 6. The Birds by Daphne du Maurier Before Alfred Hitchcock   terrorized us with a (literal) murder of crows hell-bent on tenderizing Tippi Hedrons face, Daphne du Maurier creeped us out in print and made us keep a wary eye on the neighbors parakeet. 7. The Cat Who Went to Trinity by Robertson Davies Maybe you want a Halloween story, but one that isnt necessarily frightening. If so, this short story might be just the ticket. Says a friend, Who could resist a Franken-cat that speaks in the language of the Gothic novel and poops shredded paper? Who, indeed? 8.   The Monkeys Paw by W.W. Jacobs Beware three wishes, especially if the acquisition of those wishes involves swearing on a shriveled up paw of a dead monkey from India. Write that down. 9.   The Exorcist by William Peter Blatty The film of the same name came out when I was a very little girl. I was not allowed to see it and just what I heard about it scared me enough that I have not seen it to this day. It remains one of the most frightening tales ever, and its ability to chill is just as powerful in print. Click here for an interesting interview with the author and his decision to revise the novel for its fortieth anniversary. 10. The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe No list of top frights would be complete without Poe. Perhaps what is most disturbing about this and other stories is the complete lack of motive behind the murders, other than the convoluted and rarely clearly articulated reasons in the narrators mind: It is impossible to say how first the idea entered my brain; but once conceived, it haunted me day and night. Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old man. He had never wronged me. He had never given me insult. For his gold I had no desire. I think it was his eye! yes, it was this! He had the eye of a vulture a pale blue eye, with a film over it. Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold; and so by degrees very gradually I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye forever. Buwhahaha. Good Hallows Eve to all!

Two reading report NGO-industrial complexand is globalization reducing Essay

Two reading report NGO-industrial complexand is globalization reducing poverty and inequality - Essay Example As a common globalization and free trade expansion practices, state government and international organizations are focused on addressing the corporate accountability of multinational companies. Other than requiring certain companies to issue forest and apparel certification, corporate environmental reports are normally broken down into four major categories known as the first-party, second-party, third party, and forth party certification (pp. 57 – 58). Even though there has been a continuous promotion of corporate governance in the global markets, there are no clear evidences that can prove that social and environmental protection could contribute to the improvements of employees’ working condition nor increase the overall business performance of Corporate governance is a system of authoritative direction or government which includes the specific role and responsibilities of the shareholders, the board of directors, and the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). I strongly agree that through a good corporate leadership among the members of the top management and establishing a strong organizational culture that gives priority to teamwork and fair business practices, it is possible for corporate governance to contribute to the increase in profit and business success of multinational companies even though the implementation of corporate governance could sometimes fail. Wade discussed and provided evidences that globalization could either increase or decrease poverty and inequality between and within nations. In line with this, India, China, and the rest of the East Asian countries are benefiting from globalization. Since the overall operational costs in developing countries are much lower and more attractive as compared to the operational costs in developed countries, a lot of large-scale multinational companies from developed countries continuously transfer their business

Problems and Opportunities created by having too much data, and what Research Paper

Problems and Opportunities created by having too much data, and what to do about them - Research Paper Example Nowadays the business corporations are more and more concerned with the business data collection and analysis. In this scenario, the businesses are paying attention on effective data management and corporate analysis for better resource management and decision support. Additionally, the business corporations gather huge amount of data and process it in order to get business advantages. Sometimes this huge amount of data collection can cause various business and operational management issues. However, this huge amount of business data is a vital corporate resource that offers the business power regarding business management and future resource administration. In this scenario, some organizations gather data for the business and customer relationship management. Most of the business corporations are aligned toward the collection of customer data. Additionally, the one of the major reasons could be the evolution of online business marketing. This customer contacts and personal information can be used for business marketing. In addition, online business marketing is a less costly way of business marketing and overall promotions. This overall situation leads to better business and corporate management. In this scenario, there is need for customer permission in order to use customer data for business marketing process (LOHR, 2009).... In this scenario the huge business data collections are used through some OLAP, data mining and data warehousing based tools. These all tools and capabilities lead to better business data management and issues handling. In this way, the business management is able to well predict the business needs and requirements for the enhanced business decision management and future issues support. These all aspects are well matched for the business issues and problem management. In addition, these decision support tools are used to aggregate the business data to buildup and more summarized and concise business reports for the better business decision support and issues management (Laudon & Laudon, 1999). However, one of the major issues in this huge collection of data could be regarding data storage and management. Nowadays, the data storage is affordable, so the cost of data storage is not a big issue but this issue becomes critical when we need to backup terabytes of data. In retailing busine sses life WalMart that produce millions of rows of data each day, there is much harder for the business to store such data. In this situation the huge business data collection can be a big issue for the business (Trembly, 2010) and (Sperling, 2009). Another main issue with too much data collection is the data security. In fact, the huge amount of data can lead to more data leakages that can create some huge business damage and issue. In this situation there is need for a way through which an organization can better manage the business issues and aspects. In addition, they need to implement tight security mechanism that could ensure better business data management and issues handling (Laudon & Laudon, 1999). In case of too much data one more main issue is the business data

Explain why regarding the complex project as a 'system' or 'group of Literature review

Explain why regarding the complex project as a 'system' or 'group of integrated systems' will help us to ensure delivery - Literature review Example Statement of Problem For any Corporation, as well as government or other service institutions the challenge is to deliver specialized services to a particular clientele yet in doing so in an efficient manner. It might be possible for a company to offer extremely favorable terms and financially unsustainable discounts on goods and services in order to attract customers in the short term, but there is a limit to the amount that can be given away as a gesture of goodwill. A company must also demonstrate inefficiency in its operations and organization in order to remain profitable and viable. On the other hand, an operation thinking only of the efficiency and interest of itself and its highest ranking members will be unable to draw new clients/customers competitively. With concern only for the interest of the operation internally, it becomes a virtual impossibility to be attractive to outside customers. Therefore, such an operation will be unable to grow – and will suffer the loss of new business to competitors. There are numerous variations on this theme, but ultimately the construction organization – for any other company providing services to clientele must strike a balance between these extremes. An operation must be efficient enough that the company is able to pay employees while still retaining profit for itself, yet at the same time it must have sought after products or services that it can offer under attractive terms for customers. Achieving this balance is the fundamental factor determining the rise and fall of businesses. Even organizations with only a small number of clients, perhaps a single investor or another company contracting a second company to perform some specific task is not immune to these challenges. Whoever the customers or clients are, they must be sufficiently satisfied to permit repeat business, and yet the organization itself must remain internally viable so that it is able to continue doing business. Neither of these fact ors can be ignored. Achieving this balance requires the deliberate establishment of management structures to ensure the efficient delivery of client objectives through a process of knowledge management (Anumba et al. 2005). In some respects, these twin factors can intertwine in terms of viable solutions to either issue. If a company is able to resolve issues of internal management sufficiently, that its own of viability is insured – it is then able to address the issue of client satisfaction. The reverse also applies; achieving client satisfaction in a sustainable way allows the organization to devote more attention to internal bookkeeping. This investigation will explore the potential of administrative models to address challenges in the delivery of client objectives and services. Fulfilling this dimension of business operations is integral to the success of the enterprise, and ongoing research permits new possibilities to achieve efficiency for client services. Specifically , this investigation will focus on integrated systems for the delivery of client objectives. The balance between customer service and efficiency is hypothesized to be enhanced by a theory of integrated systems for complex project management to achieve the delivery of client objectives. Analysis of the Problem Initially, it is helpful to discuss the systems themselves in order to foster an understanding of

How to write an essay Essay Example for Free

How to write an essay Essay 1. An introduction-introducing the topic generally, and then identifying your main or controlling idea (the point of your essay, your view of the assigned topic statement). 2. Middle paragraphs that develop and support the controlling idea. Each paragraph gives a different point or argument supporting the thesis. One point per paragraph, and one paragraph per main point. Don’t forget to give good concrete examples with descriptive details, facts and arguments to support each of your arguments. Develop the paragraph fully and logically with these details, facts and arguments. 3. Conclusion-re-states the controlling idea, summarizes the supporting arguments and provides a closing statement. Title Your title should relate to your main topic to establish the focus of the essay. It should be concise and informative. Examples: â€Å"Reasons for the Fall of Rome† or â€Å"The Emancipation of the Tibetan Nation† The Introduction The introductory paragraph tries to interest the reader, name the subject of the paper, indicate what idea will be expressed about it, and perhaps show how it will be handled. There are many ways to begin an expository essay: Begin with a quotation. It may be directly or indirectly related to the subject. Begin with an interesting fact or statistic. Begin with a short anecdote or narrative. A short narrative is particularly effective for adding a touch of variety to an expository paper. Begin with a paradox. Begin with relevant background material. Background material should, however, be concise and clearly related to your thesis. Begin by stating a long-term effect or effects without immediately stating the cause. Begin with an analogy. Begin with a definition of a term that is important to your topic. This should not be a simple dictionary definition but an explanation of the term as it applies to your topic. The thesis statement A thesis statement alerts your reader to the main argument of the essay and prepares him or her, in a general way, for the content that is to follow. The statement should be brief; there is no point in supplying an outline of everything that a short paper is going to say. But the thesis statement should not merely announce the author’s general interests or plans. Examples: Preliminary thesis statement: I intend to discuss the reasons for the fall of Rome. Revised thesis statement: The major reason for the fall of Rome was bad economic policy. Preliminary thesis statement: I think that Tibet should be its own free nation. Revised thesis statement: Tibet should be its own free nation. Development Your development should have at least three points or arguments supporting your thesis. Each point should take up a whole paragraph. Paragraphs are composed of three elements: Topic sentence: This sentence presents in general terms the subject of the paragraph. The topic sentence may occur anywhere in the paragraph, but is generally the first sentence of the paragraph. Supporting sentences: These sentences form the body of the paragraph. The content of the supporting sentences comprises specific facts or specific arguments which demonstrate the validity of the generalizations presented in the topic sentence. Concluding sentence: This sentence concludes discussion of the point which is the topic of the paragraph and often makes possible the transition to the topic of the next paragraph.

Accounting :: essays research papers

Preface Financial statements are prepared and presented for external users by many enterprises around the world. Although such financial statements may appear similar from country to country, there are differences which have probably been caused by a variety of social, economic and legal circumstances and by different countries having in mind the needs of different users of financial statements when setting national requirements. These different circumstances have led to the use of a variety of definitions of the elements of financial statements; that is, for example, assets, liabilities, equity, income and expenses. They have also resulted in the use of different criteria for the recognition of items in the financial statements and in a preference for different bases of measurement. The scope of the financial statements and the disclosures made in them have also been affected. The International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) is committed to narrowing these differences by seeking to harmonise regulations, accounting standards and procedures relating to the preparation and presentation of financial statements. It believes that further harmonisation can best be pursued by focusing on financial statements that are prepared for the purpose of providing information that is useful in making economic decisions. The Board of IASC believes that financial statements prepared for this purpose meet the common needs of most users. This is because nearly all users are making economic decisions, for example, to: (a) decide when to buy, hold or sell an equity investment; (b) assess the stewardship or accountability of management; (c) assess the ability of the enterprise to pay and provide other benefits to its employees; (d) assess the security for amounts lent to the enterprise; (e) determine taxation policies; (f) determine distributable profits and dividends; (g) prepare and use national income statistics; or (h) regulate the activities of enterprises. The Board recognises, however, that governments, in particular, may specify different or additional requirements for their own purposes. These requirements should not, however, affect financial statements published for the benefit of other users unless they also meet the needs of those other users. Financial statements are most commonly prepared in accordance with an accounting model based on recoverable historical cost and the nominal financial capital maintenance concept. Other models and concepts may be more appropriate in order to meet the objective of providing information that is useful for making economic decisions although there is presently no consensus for change. This Framework has been developed so that it is applicable to a range of accounting models and concepts of capital and capital maintenance.

Free Narrative Essays - A Bowl of Soup :: Personal Narrative Essay Example

A Bowl of Soup    It was a simple bowl of soup. Chicken with rice, from a can. But as I sat down to eat my lunch, a sudden thought flashed through my head: What a miracle this bowl of soup is! A savory, golden broth, bright orange carrot coins, plump grains of rice, bits of chicken. Struck deeply by this realization, I simply sat for a minute watching thin wisps of steam rising from the surface.    Just a bowl of soup. I'd never given much thought to the origins of my food. I simply went to the store, threw produce and cans and boxes into my cart, and brought them home. But I've been thinking a lot lately about the interconnectedness of all things, and a great understanding coalesced for me in this blue-and-white bowl. In a flash, I glimpsed the giant web of nature and people that had brought this soup to my table.    First, of course, came the sunlight and water and soil in which farmers grew all the ingredients. Then truckers hauled the harvest to market and later to the processing plant. Workers there made the soup in a detailed process that requires abundant electricity generated by the labor of coal miners and hundreds of utility employees. Workers in another factory made the cans, which were fashioned from ore dug from the earth by more miners even farther away. Then someone else transported the cans of soup to my local store, where another person placed them on the shelf. Bankers were also involved, and secretaries, and the printers who made the labels, and who knows who else?    Plus, there are my clients and the publishers who pay me for the writing I do. Without their belief in me, I could not have purchased this amazing can of soup, nor the cheese and tomato sandwich I ate along with it. The web shimmered in my mind's eye, each connection leading to many more I couldn't even begin to imagine.    Then I remembered recent video images of relief workers standing in the backs of trucks and flinging loaves of bread that are snatched in mid-air by outstretched refugee hands.